Can THC help with ADHD (or will it make it worse)?
Clinically reviewed by Dr. Chris Mosunic, PhD, RD, CDCES, MBA
Discover the impact of THC on people with ADHD and if it can help symptoms or make them worse. Plus, 8 alternative therapies and treatments for ADHD.
People who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children and adults—often struggle with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. There are several treatment options, including medications and behavioral therapies, but one in particular has received a lot of attention in recent years — cannabis. More specifically, tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC.
Some people have reported that using THC helps them feel calmer, more focused, and less anxious, while others have had the opposite experience. While everyone reacts to different substances in their own way, here’s what to know about THC and ADHD.
Can THC help with ADHD?
THC is the main psychoactive compound in cannabis that produces the "high" sensation. Some people with ADHD have reported that using THC helps manage their symptoms, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, and anxiety.
Potential benefits of THC for ADHD
Reduction in hyperactivity: THC may help calm behaviors like excessive fidgeting and an inability to stay still.
Decreased impulsivity: THC may help slow down thought processes, giving people more time to think before acting.
Anxiety relief: Some people who use THC feel calmer, which can potentially lead to better concentration and a decrease in anxiety and restlessness.
Improved sleep: THC may have sedative properties that might help improve sleep quality, perhaps making it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep.
Can THC make ADHD worse?
While some people with ADHD report that THC has had a positive effect, others say it made their symptoms worse. Evidence suggests that THC can also have negative side effects, and it may affect people in different ways.
Potential negative impacts of THC on ADHD
TCH can impair attention and memory, making it harder to focus on tasks, remember information, and stay organized.
THC may worsen ADHD symptoms, including increased distractibility, difficulty concentrating, and heightened impulsivity.
Chronic THC use has been linked to poorer performance in work.
THC can negatively affect planning, decision-making, and impulse control, which can lead to poor decision-making and reduced ability to manage time and tasks.
The use of THC may possibly lead to dependence and addiction, and people with ADHD may be more susceptible to developing substance use disorders.
Withdrawal symptoms can include irritability, anxiety, and sleep disturbances.
Studies have shown that regular cannabis use during adolescence is associated with reduced IQ and poorer academic and occupational outcomes.
Studies suggest that people with ADHD who use THC may possibly have an increased risk of developing psychosis. This is particularly concerning for those with a family history of mental health disorders.
What are the impacts of using THC with ADHD medication?
Possible side effects and adverse reactions
If you use THC alongside ADHD medications, you can experience a range of unpredictable side effects and adverse reactions. These can vary depending on the type of medication and your unique response to both substances.
1. Increased heart rate and blood pressure: Both THC and stimulant medications like Adderall and Ritalin can increase heart rate and blood pressure. When combined, these effects may be amplified, leading to cardiovascular strain and potential health risks, especially for people with pre-existing heart conditions.
2. Heightened anxiety and paranoia: THC can sometimes cause or worsen anxiety and paranoia. ADHD medications, particularly stimulants, can also increase anxiety in some people. Combining the two can sometimes intensify these effects.
3. Sleep Disturbances: THC and ADHD medications can both affect sleep patterns. Stimulant medications can cause insomnia, while THC might disrupt sleep. Using them together can lead to more pronounced sleep disturbances, which can worsen ADHD symptoms and overall health.
How THC might alter the effectiveness of ADHD medications
THC can interact with ADHD medications in ways that might alter their effectiveness, either diminishing their therapeutic benefits or increasing the risk of side effects.
1. Reduced efficacy of stimulants: Some research suggests THC might reduce the effectiveness of stimulant medications. THC's interaction with the endocannabinoid system might interfere with the way stimulants work to increase levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which may possibly lead to less effective symptom control.
2. Potential for increased side effects: Combining THC with stimulants might increase the likelihood of experiencing jitteriness, nervousness, and appetite dysregulation.
3. Non-stimulant medications: THC might alter the metabolism of non-stimulant ADHD medications like Strattera (atomoxetine) and Intuniv (guanfacine), leading to changes in their effectiveness and side effects.
Importance of consulting with a healthcare provider
Before combining THC with ADHD medication, consult your healthcare provider. A healthcare provider can balance the potential risks and benefits of using THC alongside your ADHD medication, considering factors such as your medical history, the type of ADHD medication you’re taking, and your overall health. They can also help determine dose, monitor for any adverse effects and adjust your treatment as needed.
Alternative therapies and treatments for ADHD
Beyond THC, several alternative therapies and treatments can help relieve symptoms and support ADHD management.
1. Behavioral therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): Working with a therapist to change negative thought patterns and behaviors, improving organizational skills, time management, and problem-solving abilities. Learning to set realistic goals, develop routines, and practice self-control.
Behavioral Parent Training (BPT): BPT trains parents to use specific techniques to manage their child's ADHD symptoms. This might include positive reinforcement, setting clear expectations, and implementing consistent discipline strategies to help children develop better behavioral patterns.
Social skills training: Teaching communication skills, empathy, and appropriate social behaviors to support better relationships and reduce social anxiety.
💙 Learn more about Empathy vs. Compassion—and how to practice both—in this episode of The Daily Jay.
2. Lifestyle changes
Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can support brain function and overall health. Some studies suggest that certain dietary changes, such as reducing sugar intake and avoiding artificial additives, might help manage ADHD symptoms for some. Also, omega-3 fatty acids found in fish and flaxseed have shown potential benefits for brain health and ADHD symptoms.
Exercise: Regular physical activity may reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing the production of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, which play a key role in attention and focus. Activities like swimming, running, or team sports may help improve concentration, reduce hyperactivity, and enhance overall wellbeing.
Sleep: A consistent sleep routine, a relaxing bedtime environment, and limited screen time before bed can improve sleep quality. Poor sleep can worsen ADHD symptoms, so it’s critical to prioritize sleep.
💙 Practice Quieting the Mind and Body, a soothing body scan meditation that’s easy to follow and perfect to do before bedtime.
3. Mindfulness and meditation
Mindfulness techniques: Methods such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and guided imagery may help some people with ADHD reduce stress and improve focus. Mindfulness can be brought into daily routines to provide a simple way to help manage symptoms.
Meditation: Regular meditation can help calm the mind, increase self-awareness, improve emotional regulation, enhance concentration and reduce impulsivity. Even short daily meditation sessions may have a positive impact on ADHD symptoms.
💙 Join Jeff Warren in the ADHD Support Series as he shared mindfulness tools designed for real life with ADHD.
How to make an informed decision about THC use: 4 tips
Making an informed decision about using THC for ADHD involves carefully considering potential benefits and risks.
Consider how THC might affect your ADHD symptoms, daily functioning, and overall quality of life.
Seek advice from healthcare professionals and discuss a treatment plan that combines different therapies to minimize side effects and risks. For instance, they might suggest starting with low doses of THC and tracking your symptom changes and side effects.
Research the legal status of THC where you live and make sure you know how to purchase, possess, and use it legally and responsibly. If you’re using THC for medical purposes, get a medical marijuana card, if that’s required in your area.
Regularly check in with your healthcare provider to keep your treatment plan safe and effective.
ADHD and THC FAQs
Are there specific strains of cannabis that are better suited for managing ADHD symptoms?
Cannabis strains are typically categorized into three main types — sativa, indica, and hybrid (which combines both sativa and indica). Some people believe certain strains may be more effective for managing ADHD symptoms, though individual responses can vary widely. Follow your healthcare provider's advice, start with small doses, and monitor any side effects closely.
Sativa strains: Often reported to have uplifting and energizing effects, these may help increase focus and creativity, making them potentially beneficial for managing inattention in ADHD. However, sativa strains may also increase anxiety in some people.
Indica strains: Indica strains are known for their calming and relaxing effects, and they may be helpful for people with ADHD who struggle with hyperactivity and anxiety. Indica strains may also promote relaxation and improve sleep quality, which could potentially benefit overall symptom management.
Hybrid strains: Hybrids are a mix of sativa and indica strains and may offer balanced effects. They are often tailored to provide the desired balance of relaxation and focus.
How does CBD compare to THC for ADHD symptom management?
Cannabidiol, or CBD, and THC are both compounds found in cannabis, but they have different effects on the body and mind. CBD is known for its anxiety-reducing properties and is non-psychoactive, meaning it doesn’t produce a high. CBD also has fewer side effects compared to THC. As a result, CBD may be a safer alternative for managing ADHD symptoms, but there are debatable benefits for both. One study reviewing the effects of medicinal cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, found insufficient evidence to support their use in treating ADHD symptoms. Consult a healthcare provider to help determine whether CBD may be suitable for you.
Can THC use during adolescence impact long-term cognitive development in people with ADHD?
Using THC during adolescence can negatively impact long-term cognitive development, particularly in people with ADHD. Research has shown that regular THC use during adolescence can lead to impairments in memory, attention, and executive function — and even long-term changes in brain development. Adolescents who use THC are also at an increased risk of developing psychosis, especially if they have a family history of mental health disorders.
For those reasons, it’s essential for young people with ADHD to avoid THC use and seek alternative ways to manage their symptoms.
What are the signs that THC use might be worsening ADHD symptoms?
Looking for signs that THC use is worsening ADHD symptoms is important for people who choose to use it. If you experience any of these signs, consult your healthcare provider for alternative treatment options.
Increased distractibility: Difficulty concentrating or staying on task
Memory problems: Trouble remembering information or increased forgetfulness
Heightened anxiety: Increased feelings of anxiety or paranoia
Poor academic or work performance: A decline in academic or work performance
Increased impulsivity: An increase in impulsive decisions or trouble controlling your impulses
How can I talk to my doctor about using THC for my ADHD?
Having an open and honest conversation with your doctor about using THC for ADHD is important, and there are plenty of useful ways to start that conversation.
Prepare your questions and concerns: Write down any questions or concerns you have about using THC for ADHD to help you cover all the points you want to discuss.
Share your experiences: If you’ve already used THC, share your experiences with your doctor. Describe how it affected your ADHD symptoms, including any benefits or adverse effects.
Discuss current medications and treatments: Provide your doctor with a complete list of the medications and treatments you’re currently using. This can help them assess potential interactions and develop a safe treatment plan.
Be honest about your goals: Explain why you’re considering THC as a treatment option, such as reducing hyperactivity or relieving anxiety.
Ask about alternatives: Your doctor can help you explore a range of therapies and treatments to find the best approach for you.
Follow-up: Plan regular appointments to monitor your progress and make adjustments to your treatment plan.
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